10 Common Computer Problems and Their Solutions

Struggling with slow computers, internet issues, or crashes? Here’s a quick summary of the 10 most common computer problems – and how to fix them:

• Slow Computer: Free up storage, close background apps, or upgrade hardware.
• Blue Screen Errors (BSOD): Update drivers, check hardware, or run Windows troubleshooting tools.
• Internet Issues: Restart your router, check cables, or contact your ISP.
• Program Crashes: Monitor system resources, update software, or reinstall problematic apps.
• Computer Won’t Start: Check power supply, BIOS settings, or use recovery tools.
• Overheating: Clean vents, improve airflow, or use cooling pads.
• Strange Noises: Clean fans, check for hardware issues, or replace failing components.
• External Device Problems: Check connections, update drivers, or troubleshoot settings.
• Virus/Malware: Run antivirus scans, delete temporary files, or reinstall the OS if necessary.
• When to Call a Pro: Persistent hardware failures, data loss, or overheating require expert help.

Key Tip: Regular maintenance – like cleaning your hardware, updating software, and backing up data – can prevent most of these issues.

This guide breaks down each problem with step-by-step solutions to keep your computer running smoothly.

1. Fixing a Slow Computer

Why Computers Slow Down

A slow computer can be frustrating and hurt productivity. Here are some common reasons why your system might be lagging:

• Storage Space Issues: For smooth operation, SSDs should have 25–30% free space, while HDDs need 10–15% free space ^[1].
• Resource Overload: Your computer relies on RAM, CPU, and disk drive performance. Too many background apps or resource-heavy tasks can overwhelm these components, causing slowdowns ^[1].

Steps to Speed Up Your Computer

Here’s how you can improve your computer’s performance:

If these basic steps don’t solve the problem, try these advanced fixes:

• Quick Fix: Open Task Manager (CTRL+ALT+DELETE), and close apps using too many resources.
• Hardware Upgrades: Replace your HDD with an SSD for faster data access, or add more RAM if usage often exceeds 80% ^[1].
• Prevent Overheating: Clean your computer’s vents to avoid thermal throttling ^[2].

For Windows users, you can also tweak performance settings. Go to System Properties > Performance Options and select "Adjust for best performance." This can help allocate resources more efficiently.

2. Blue Screen Errors

Common BSOD Causes

The Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) is one of Windows’ most alarming error screens. It shows up when your system hits a serious issue it can’t recover from safely ^[3]. Knowing what causes these errors can help you fix them more effectively.

Here are some typical causes:

Once you understand these triggers, you can start tackling the problem step by step.

BSOD Solutions

If you encounter a BSOD, here’s how you can address it:

1. Immediate Actions

   First, ensure your system has at least 15% free space on the C drive to keep things running smoothly ^[4]. Back up your important files right away to avoid data loss. With your data safe, you can move on to troubleshooting.

2. Use Built-in Tools

   Windows comes with several tools that can help you diagnose and fix the issue:

   • BSOD Troubleshooter: Automatically analyzes crash dumps and suggests fixes.
   • System File Checker (SFC.exe): Repairs corrupted system files.
   • CHKDSK: Scans for and fixes hard drive errors ^[5].

3. Advanced Solutions

   If the basic tools don’t solve the problem, try these advanced steps:

   • Open the Event Viewer to find specific error codes and warnings.
   • Check minidump files for detailed error information ^[3].
   • Use Windows Memory Diagnostic to test your RAM.
   • Roll back recent changes using System Restore ^[5].

If none of these steps work, it’s time to consult a professional. Persistent BSODs could indicate serious hardware issues that need expert attention to prevent further damage.

Desktop PC Troubleshooting Problems with Solutions

3. Internet Connection Issues

Even after fixing internal system errors, network problems often remain a common challenge.

Types of Connection Problems

In the U.S., over 30% of people deal with connectivity issues, and 9% report frequent disruptions ^[7]. Here’s a breakdown of common problems and their likely causes:

For businesses, the stakes are even higher – downtime can cost as much as $5,600 per minute ^[8]. Most connection problems fall into one of three categories: ISP issues, hardware malfunctions, or configuration errors.

Quick Fixes for Connection Problems

Before reaching out to your ISP, try these steps to resolve common issues:

1. Restart Your Modem and Router

Unplug both devices for about 60 seconds, then reconnect them. This clears temporary glitches and refreshes your connection with the ISP ^[10]. Start by reconnecting the modem first, wait for it to stabilize, and then power up the router.

2. Inspect Physical Connections

Check all network cables for any signs of damage or loose connections. A faulty cable can significantly impact your internet performance. Place your router in a central, elevated location, away from metal objects and other electronics. For 2.4GHz networks, set the channel to 1, 6, or 11 for better performance ^[9].

3. Improve Your Network Setup

• Switch to the 5GHz band to reduce interference.
• Update your router’s firmware regularly.
• Enable Quality of Service (QoS) settings to prioritize traffic.
• Schedule large downloads during off-peak hours to avoid congestion.

"Check other devices to determine if the problem is isolated to one device or affecting multiple devices. If other devices are also unable to connect, the issue may be with your internet service provider (ISP) or network equipment. Check with your ISP to see if there are any outages in your area." – Jairo Lino, IT Support Analyst, Electric ^[8]

If these steps don’t resolve the issue, run your device’s diagnostic tools and contact your ISP to confirm service status and speeds ^[6].

4. Program Crashes

Software crashes can interrupt your work and might even lead to losing unsaved data. These crashes often result from issues like software bugs, resource conflicts, corrupted files, or attempts to perform restricted operations.

Why Programs Crash

Programs crash when they run into problems the operating system can’t handle or when they exceed system resources. Here are some common causes:

These crashes often happen when a program tries to use more resources than available or performs restricted actions ^[11].

Crash Prevention Steps

To reduce the risk of crashes, consider these practical steps:

• Monitor System Resources: Use Task Manager to track memory and CPU usage. Close unused apps to free up resources ^[12].

• Keep Software Up to Date: Regularly update your software and drivers to avoid compatibility issues. Enable automatic updates when possible.

• Pay Attention to Error Messages:

  "Error messages provide codes that can help diagnose the issue. Reviewing logs can give more context for troubleshooting" ^[13]. Record error codes and check logs (like Windows Event Viewer) for clues.

For ongoing issues, try running Windows Memory Diagnostic, checking software compatibility with your operating system, scanning for malware, reinstalling problematic programs, or monitoring system temperatures [21, 42]. If nothing works, reach out to the software’s support team or consult a professional technician ^[11].

5. Computer Won’t Start

When your computer refuses to start, everything comes to a halt. To get things back on track, you’ll need to pinpoint the issue and address it directly.

Common Startup Issues

Different startup problems often point to specific causes. Here’s a quick breakdown of what might be going wrong:

If you encounter boot errors like "No Boot Device Found", this helps you narrow down where the process is failing – whether it’s power, BIOS, POST (Power-On Self-Test), or the operating system.

How to Fix Startup Problems

1. Check the Power
   Make sure all power outlets and cables are functional. For laptops, try removing the battery and running on AC power. Unplug everything, then hold the power button for 15–20 seconds to clear any leftover charge.

2. Inspect BIOS Settings

   • Enter your BIOS/UEFI settings.
   • Ensure the hard drive is detected.
   • Verify the boot order is correct.
   • Reset to default settings if needed.

If these steps don’t resolve the issue, move on to more advanced solutions:

• Use Windows Startup Repair from a recovery drive.
• Run boot repair commands like bootrec /fixmbr, bootrec /fixboot, and bootrec /rebuildbcd ^[16].
• Disconnect external devices to rule out hardware conflicts ^[14][15].
• Scan for drive errors with the command sfc /scannow in recovery mode ^[16].

Keep in mind that even if fans and lights turn on, a failing power supply can still cause boot problems ^[16]. If none of these steps work, it may be time to consult a professional for a deeper hardware diagnosis.

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6. Computer Running Hot

After startup issues, overheating is one of the most common problems for computers. It can lead to hardware damage and reduced performance. Knowing the causes of overheating and how to address them can help keep your device running smoothly.

Heat Sources

Here are some typical causes of overheating and their effects:

For best performance, your CPU temperature should stay below 60°C (140°F). If it hits 80°C (176°F), you’re in the danger zone and need to act fast ^[17][19].

"The more you use your computer, especially for intensive programs like games and video editing apps, the more likely it will overheat."

• Danielle Bodnar, Cybersecurity writer ^[17]

Cooling Solutions

Try these strategies to keep your computer cool and prevent damage:

• Monitor Temperature: Use tools like Core Temp (Windows) or Hot (macOS) to keep an eye on CPU temperatures ^[18].

• Improve Airflow: Regularly clean vents and fans with compressed air to remove dust. Place your computer on a hard, flat surface for better ventilation. As Joe Silverman points out, neglecting this can worsen overheating issues ^[20].

• Manage System Resources: Open Task Manager and close unnecessary programs to reduce CPU strain ^[21].

• Maintain Hardware:

  • Replace thermal paste every 2–3 years.
  • Check that cooling fans are functioning and vents are clear.
  • Use a laptop cooling pad for extra heat dissipation.
  • Install system updates, which often include fixes for heat management.

If your computer frequently exceeds 70°C (158°F), it might be time to consult a professional.

7. Unusual Computer Sounds

Strange noises from your computer can be a sign of hardware problems. Catching these early can save you from more serious issues down the line. Here’s how to identify and address these sounds effectively.

Common Sources of Strange Noises

Different sounds often point to specific hardware issues. Use this table as a quick guide:

It’s normal for mechanical hard drives to make some noise during use, but solid-state drives (SSDs) should operate silently ^[22].

Steps to Address the Noise

Fixing unusual computer sounds requires a step-by-step approach:

1. Monitor When It Happens
   Pay attention to when the noise occurs and check Task Manager for any spikes in resource usage.

2. Clean the Hardware
   Use compressed air to clean dust from fans and vents. Dust buildup can cause components to work harder and make more noise.

"A louder-than-usual fan in your computer, or one that’s making strange noises, isn’t something to ignore. These sounds are usually an indication that a fan isn’t working properly – a potentially serious problem." ^[24]

3. Targeted Fixes for Specific Components

   • Hard Drive Issues

     • Back up your data immediately if you hear clicking or grinding.
     • Use a disk-check tool to evaluate the drive’s condition ^[25].
     • Consider upgrading to an SSD for a quieter and more reliable experience.

   • Fan Problems

     • Ensure your computer has proper airflow.
     • Update your GPU drivers to better control fan speed.
     • Check that cables are secure and not interfering with fans ^[23].
     • Replace faulty fans to avoid further damage to other parts.

   • Power Supply Noises

     • Persistent buzzing or screeching may require checking the unit’s mounting and ventilation.
     • If the problem continues, replacing the power supply might be necessary.

Lifewire notes that irregular ticking or grinding sounds, especially when combined with buzzing, can signal a failing hard drive ^[25]. In such cases, consulting a professional could help you avoid data loss.

8. External Device Problems

External devices like printers, keyboards, mice, and storage drives can sometimes disrupt your workflow. Knowing the common problems and how to address them can save time and frustration. Below are common issues and practical solutions for printers, input devices, and storage drives.

Common Device Issues

External device problems often fall into these categories:

Wireless devices often face connectivity and power problems, while wired devices usually deal with port or cable issues.

Troubleshooting Device Problems

Here’s how to handle issues with different types of external devices:

Printer Troubles

Start by checking all connections. For wireless printers, confirm they are on the same network as your computer. For wired printers, inspect USB cables for damage or loose connections.

"Printers are essential devices in many homes and workplaces, but they can sometimes run into problems when used with Windows operating systems." ^[26]

If your printer isn’t responding, try these steps:

• Use Windows’ built-in printer troubleshooter.
• Clear the print queue to remove stuck jobs.
• Restart the Print Spooler service.
• Download and install the latest drivers from the printer manufacturer.

Keyboard and Mouse Issues

If your keyboard or mouse stops working:

• Test them on different USB ports to rule out port issues.
• Clean the sensors or contacts using compressed air.
• Update the drivers via the Device Manager.
• For wireless devices, check the battery levels and ensure Bluetooth is properly connected.

Storage Device Problems

"Just because you plugged the drive into your computer doesn’t mean it’s necessarily receiving the power it needs." ^[27]

To fix external storage issues:

• Double-check all power and connection cables.
• Open Disk Management to confirm the drive is online, formatted, and assigned a drive letter.
• Update the drivers and disable USB Selective Suspend if needed.

If the issue persists, test the drive with a different computer or enclosure to identify the root cause.

9. Virus and Malware Removal

Malicious software can harm your computer’s performance and put your personal data at risk. Spotting and removing these threats is key to keeping your system secure.

Infection Warning Signs

Here are some common signs that your computer might be infected:

Keep an eye on your system’s behavior. Unexplained changes in performance or settings can often signal a malware infection. If you notice these issues, take action right away using the steps outlined below.

Security Steps

If you suspect a virus or malware infection, follow these steps to secure and clean your system:

Immediate Actions:

First, disconnect from the internet to prevent the malware from spreading. Then, boot into Safe Mode. For Windows, go to Settings > Update & Security > Recovery > Advanced Startup. On a Mac, hold down the Shift key during startup.

Removal Process:

Start by deleting temporary files, as viruses often hide there. Next, run a full antivirus scan using a reliable program. As McAfee explains:

"Removing a computer virus manually is a complex process… The easiest way to remove viruses is by using an antivirus program designed to clean your system safely" ^[28].

Prevention Strategy:

Once your system is clean, take steps to prevent future infections. The UK’s National Cyber Security Centre (NCSC) recommends:

"Since there’s no way to completely protect your organisation against malware infection, you should adopt a ‘defense-in-depth’ approach" ^[30].

A defense-in-depth strategy includes installing up-to-date security software, enabling built-in protections like SmartScreen and UAC, using strong passwords with multi-factor authentication, creating offline backups, and keeping your operating system and applications updated.

Advanced Protection:

For extra security, consider these measures:

• Enable Windows Tamper Protection.
• Block suspicious emails.
• Segment your network.
• Apply zero-trust principles.

If the malware cannot be removed, reinstalling your operating system might be your only option ^[29].

10. Getting Expert Help

Sometimes, even after trying all the usual fixes, you might need to turn to a professional. Certain problems can get worse or cost more to fix if handled incorrectly, so knowing when to call in an expert is key.

When to Call a Pro

Some issues are best left to professionals. Here’s a quick guide:

"When your computer screen turns blue and displays a stop code, immediately call a professional computer repair service. Period." ^[31]

Before reaching out to a technician, try these steps:

• Test your internet connection on another device.
• Run antivirus software to rule out malware.
• Take note of when and how the issue occurs.

If these checks don’t solve the problem, it’s time to find a repair service you can trust.

Choosing Repair Services

Not all repair services are created equal. Keep these factors in mind when selecting one:

Credentials and Experience
Look for technicians who are certified and experienced. As Dr. Phone Fix Staff explains:

"Choose technicians with relevant certifications and industry experience to ensure effective problem-solving. Experienced technicians can diagnose and resolve issues efficiently, minimizing downtime." ^[32]

Service Quality Indicators

Here are some things to look for:

"A cheap price usually means a cheap job. Really good technicians do NOT work cheap because they are in high demand." ^[33]

Data Protection
Your data is precious, so choose a repair service carefully. Parker Watts, a Cybersecurity Junior at Penn State University, emphasizes:

"In my opinion, this is the most critical part of maintaining the security and confidentiality of your information… Choose your repair store/provider wisely, read reviews and do research into the business before you put your data (quite literally) into their hands." ^[34]

After the repair is complete, make sure to test the fixes, secure your data and passwords, and keep all repair documentation for future reference.

Conclusion

Key Takeaways

Regular upkeep is crucial to avoid problems and extend the life of your devices. As Clare Stouffer explains:

"Computer maintenance means keeping your computers and laptops in good condition through regular cleanings, hard drive updates, and virus prevention. Doing so can lengthen the lifespan of your devices and it can also help you browse the web more safely." ^[35]

Here’s a simple maintenance schedule to follow:

This schedule can serve as a starting point for keeping your devices in top shape.

What to Do Next

Stick to these practices to ensure your system stays reliable:

• Hardware Care: Regularly clean your device to avoid hardware failures ^[36].
• Software Updates: Keep antivirus and software current to patch vulnerabilities and maintain stability ^[36][37].
• Data Backups: Consistently back up important files. Always have multiple backup copies and test them every few months.
• Performance Checks: Pay attention to warning signs like slow performance or unexpected errors. Address these issues early to prevent bigger problems ^[36].

If you would like help with this or any other computer related matter, your local approved Computer Repair Man technician is available today to help you.